Is it Ever OK to Tell Your Boss Youre Looking for a New Job

Is it Ever OK to Tell Your Boss Youre Looking for a New Job It very well may be precarious when you’re work chasing and attempting to stay quiet about it from your chief and individual representatives. You may have toâ resort to counterfeit physical checkups or a family crisis to get downtime for interviews. In another detour, your present place of employment can keep you from posting colleagues or individuals from the board as suggestions on your resume. Is there any expert wayâ to advise your manager you’re work chasing to make it simpler for yourself?Examine Why You’re Job HuntingBefore looking at those pursuit of employment destinations, you might need to wonder why you are anticipating getting another line of work. Approach yourself in the event that you are searching for a bigger compensation, more duties, or are utilizing the chance to switch profession ways. One approach to analyze yourâ reasonsâ for work chasing is toâ create a rundown of positive and negative purposes of your present place of employment. In the wake of finishing the rundown, you will have a smart thought why you truly need a change.Times When You Can Tell Your BossActually, there are times when you can tell your supervisor you are work chasing without numerous issues. For instance, if your life partner has taken an occupation in an alternate city and you are compelled to move, it’s fine to share your news. Maybe you have purchased another house on the opposite part of town, and the drive would add an excessive amount of time to your every day schedule. Or on the other hand perhaps youâ have medical issues that could compel you to take an occupation with less pressure, or your life partner simply resigned and you need to work nearer to home. Strategic explanations behind an occupation change are fine to impart to your boss.Think about the Repercussions FirstHaving a decent connection with your manager can make letting him know or herâ a plausibility. In certain occasions, in the event that you are a representa tive who realizes you are esteemed, you may be offered a raise, another situation in the organization, or added duties as an allurement to get you remain with the activity. Nonetheless, regardless of whether you tell your supervisor is carefully an informed decision. On the off chance that you call it wrong, you could be out searching for a vocation sooner than you had arranged and without the reinforcement of your ebb and flow position.Timing is EverythingYou’ve been on a few meetings and the recruiting administrator is discussing when you start your new position. Is it an opportunity to advise your chief and placed in your acquiescence? Until you have really marked the agreement for your new position, you shouldâ hold off on telling your present boss. You aren’t really recruited until those papers are marked, and another person may go along and catch the new position you thought you had. At the point when your new agreement is marked, at that point is an ideal oppor tunity to tell your manager. It is likewise a smart thought to tell your new business that you have to pull out to your present manager with enough an ideal opportunity for a substitution to be recruited to fill your position. Your new manager will value your courtesy.Knowing when to tell your present boss that you are work chasing can be a significant thought to secure yourself. Employment chasing with the capacity to discover all the postings that suit your position is additionally significant, and there are simpler ways than looking through occupation classifieds. TheJobNetwork can help. After you round out your work advantages and capabilities, TheJobNetwork scans 24-hours per day for postings that coordinate your depiction and sends those postings to you as an email alert. Everything you do is pursue work coordinate alarm to begin.

Delay In The Malaysian Construction Industry Construction Essay

Deferral In The Malaysian Construction Industry Construction Essay In Malaysian development industry, delay is a difficult that generally occurs during the development stage. Deferral is implying that, development work can't finish inside the period which expressed in the agreement report or part of the works run out from the arranging plan. Task delays because of eight gatherings, for example, customer, specialist and contractual worker, just to give some examples here. The principle target of this investigation is to recognize the reasons for delays, impacts of deferrals, technique for limiting of development delays in the Malaysian development industry. This examination was done dependent on the writing audit, poll plan, and individual meeting. With alluding to the writing survey, the writer discovered thirty eight (38) factors that are identified with delays because of eight primary gatherings which including customer, specialist, temporary worker, material, work, gear, budgetary and outer condition. Other than the causes referenced, six sorts of impacts and twenty three (23) kinds of techniques for limiting development delays were likewise recognized from the exploration. The poll was dispersed to those respondents from engineer, contractual worker and advisor firms (engineer/architect). For individual meeting, it was finished with two chiefs and one post-contract director from various development firms. The targets of this examination have been effectively accomplished. From the information gathered, there are some most contributing variables including change of requests, poor site the board and manager, poor plan and postponements in structure because of the customer, advisor and contractual worker identified with delays. In addition, deficiency of ability work, lack of development material, visit hardware breakdown, customers troubles and unexpected ground condition are likewise basic components from another five gatherings identified with delays. Time invade and cost overwhelm are the basic impacts in the Malaysian development industry. Then again, strategy for limiting of development delays has been distinguished that increasingly powerful which comprises capable undertaking supervisor, guarantee satisfactory and accessible wellspring of monetary until the venture fulfillment, multidisciplinary/skillful task group, total and legitimate structure at the ideal time and furthermore appropriate undertaking arranging and planning. Part 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Working Title circumstances and end results of postponement in the Malaysian development industry 1.2 Problem Statement In the development business, undertakings can be postponed among huge number of causes. There are diverse sort and gatherings of defers found on development ventures. Postponement effectsly affects consummation cost and time of development venture. Deferrals can be limited in the event that they were recognizing causes. Knowing the reason for a specific postponement in a development undertaking would help maintaining a strategic distance from the equivalent. Despite the fact that with various sorts of studies have been completed to recognize the components impact the reasons for delays, since the issues are very identified with the examinations need to concentrate on explicit topographical region, or district in Malaysia. A significant energy about the Malaysia development industry is because of the developing pace of deferrals in venture conveyance. In Malaysia most open work ventures, including any development extends under government authority or under protection are granted on a serious premise utilizing the conventional methodology. The specialists and contractual workers are occupied with isolated agreements. The contractual workers regularly would be included until the entire task have been finished 1.3 Aim and goal of study 1.3.1 Aim To explore delays relating in development extends in Malaysia 1.3.2 Objective To recognize the significant reasons for delays in development venture; To recognize the impacts of deferrals in development venture; and To recognize the strategies for limiting development delays. 1.4 Background of the examination Development delay is serious issues visit happen in the development business. Deferrals antagonistically sway on venture partners including proprietors, plan experts, development experts, buyer and others. The principle goals of development ventures are cost, time, quality and security various They have referenced the most significant causes in huge structure development extends in Saudi Arabia which included endorsement of shop drawings, delays in installment to contractual workers and the subsequent money issues during development, plan changes, struggle in work timetables of subcontractors, slow dynamic and official administration in proprietors associations, structure mistakes, work lack and deficient work ability. (Assaf, et al, 1995) Refer to reasons for delay in Saudi Arabia, the significant gatherings to lead the postponement happen which incorporate customer and contractual worker. In light of customer consistently change the structure of building. Other than that, late reacts and poor undertaking supervisory crew and furthermore postpone pay month installment to the temporary worker by customer. Then again, contactor because of insufficient laborer during work progress and some contention with sub-temporary worker. They have contemplated the postponements in building venture in Thailand, for instance of issue looked by the creating economies. They reasoned that the issues of the development business in creating economies can be settled in three layers: issue of deficiencies or insufficiencies in industry foundation, essentially gracefully of assets; issues brought about by customers and specialists; and issues brought about by ineptitude of temporary workers. (Ogunlana, et al, 1996) Construction in Thailand since certain gatherings shortcoming because of venture defer, for example, temporary worker advisor and. During development stage the customer in light of changing certain piece of structure and absence of experience couldn't take care of the issue right away. Other than customer, originator is one of the gatherings as a result of own shortcoming which is give hazy attracting to the contractual worker because of need understanding. On the hand, different gatherings which is contractual work er in light of looking in poor supervisory crew, ill-advised arranging and booking and furthermore insufficiency of site assessment. They have reviewed and characterized the reasons for development delays in Hongkong as observed by customers, temporary worker and experts, and inspected the elements influencing profitability. The aftereffects of their exploration demonstrate that the five head and basic reasons for delays are: poor site the executives and oversight; unexpected ground condition; low speed of dynamic including all ventures group; customer started varieties; and essential variety of works.(Chan and Kumaraswamy 1996) Construction delay in Hongkong, the gatherings identified with defer venture incorporate customer, specialists, temporary worker and some pertinent gathering. Factor to related postponement by customer, for example, customer visit defer make installment to temporary worker and furthermore endure in money related issue. Other than customer, planner due to absence of experience consistently commit error in drawing and late procedure configuration report. Then again, factor to cause contractu al worker defer venture which remember absence of experience for venture group and furthermore poor site the executives and managements. Other than that, material is likewise one of the causes. During development stages, material lack and material changes to cause venture delay. Recognized the impacts of postponements in development ventures have been embraced by certain specialists. They have recognized the six impacts of deferrals were time invaded, cost overwhelm, debate, intervention, all out relinquishment, and case. The consequences of their learned about the impacts of development delays on venture conveyance in Nigerian development industry, shows time overwhelm and cost invade were the continuous impacts of postponements in development projects.(AIbinu and Jagboro, 2002) In development industry, the impact of undertaking delay in light of time and cost overwhelm. In this circumstance, a portion of the shortcomings parties need to assume liability to pay the misfortune and cost to those gatherings endure in harm. A few examinations have been considered and suggested the strategies for limiting postponements in development ventures. They have recognized five basic achievement components could be applied to diminish the impacts of postponements incorporates: equipped undertaking administrator; satisfactory financing until venture culmination; multidisciplinary/skilled task group; responsibility to activities; and accessibility of assets. (Nguyen, et al, 2004) To limiting the undertaking delay during the development stage, most importantly a customer needs to enlist an encounter venture administrator. When the issue of postponement occur, the undertaking supervisor can settle right away. Other than that, the undertaking colleague ought to speak with other colleague. They have concentrate likewise recognized two strategies to diminish or if conceivable dispose of time invade were speeding up of site exercises, and possibility stipend. (Aibinu and Jagboro, 2002) The contractual worker must assume full liability during work progress. When temporary worker discovered real work progress are not comparable with gauge and he should make some move to keep away from the undertaking postpone, for example, include some extra specialist. They have suggested four strategies incorporates: creating HR in the development business through legitimate preparing and grouping of expert; receiving another way to deal with contract grant system by giving less weight to costs and more weight to the abilities and past execution of contractual workers; and embracing new ways to deal with contracting, for example, structure assemble and development the board (CM) sort of agreements. (Odeh and Battaineh , 2002) 1.5 Scope of the Study The extent of the examination will concentrate on writing survey and a poll. Tasks examine in this examination included school building, church, office, medical clinic, correspondence offices and so forth. The study will direct in Malaysia. The poll study will configuration dependent on factors recognize from writing survey that added to reasons for delays, impacts of postponements and met

Lessons from the Fall

Lessons from the Fall Flashback a few years Colleen and I are driving west, enveloped by sprawling cornfields on both sides of this two-lane county road. Its October 2011.  Having just witnessed a buttery sunset melt into perfect rows of tall, Midwestern cornstalks that stretch beyond the horizon, we are now surrounded by twilight, that thin sliver of time between the bustle of the day and the calm of the night. The sky is so clear overhead I could point out various constellations through the sunroof. With no real destination in mind, my left hand is gripping the steering wheel while my right rests on Colleen’s knee. Our post-sunset world is silent except for the hum of the road and the background radio playing a song by the Black Books, an indie band she used to hang with during her art-school days in Cleveland. Colleen turns up the volume and sings along: “If you’re not sunburned, you’re not having fun.” Today is the second Tuesday in October; Southwest Ohio’s Indian summer is coming to a close. And even though we’re not sunburned, she and I, we are having funâ€"golden tan after a summer spent playing outdoors together, running through sprinklers and gamboling amid treelined parks and doing all the cliche things young couples do when they’re falling in love. It feels wonderful to be together, alive together, alive, together. Dancing like a jellyfish in a summer dress, Colleen is belting out off-key lyrics from the passenger seat. It doesn’t matter that she’s off key, though; her singing seems perfect anyway. I can’t help but look over from the driver’s seat, to steal glances every chance I get, removing my eyes from the road just to take her in. Colleen is the prettiest girl I’ve ever met. I know that sounds hyperbolic, and you’re probably not going to believe me, but whatever. Whether you believe me or not, it’s simply the truth. She’s beautiful. Big glacial-blue eyes. Crazy, curly, honey-colored hair. Her perfect smell, a sweet mixture of sweat and shampoo. And that…that…that smile. God that smile. I couldn’t describe it without stealing hackneyed lines from Keats’s poems. Hell, even the scar on her chin seems to be in the right place. When we met earlier this year, I was walking into my thirties, my twenties fading into memories. Not too surprisingly, we came into contact via the Internet, after she sent me a clever and silly tweet about meeting for “decreasingly warm liquids.” Although she is two years younger than I am, Colleen is the one who’s helping me learn what it means to be in love. Of course she’s not perfect, but she’s the closest thing I’ve ever witnessed: honest, vulnerable, openhearted. Around her I want to be a better version of myself, the best version of myself. For the first time in my life I feel uxorious. “Why haven’t they harvested all this yet?” I ask, sweeping my hand from left to right to indicate a profusion of unreaped crops on the other side of the windshield. The earth around us is swollen with corn, corn in every direction, corn out every window, stalks taller than an NBA power forward in heels. More corn than you can imagine. It’s literally unimaginable. “Hell if I know,” Colleen says playfully, contorting her face a bit. “Who do I look like, Old McDonald?” “Oh come on, ain’t you and your people from ’round these parts?” I say. We are near a small farmtown called Greenville, roughly twenty-five miles north of Dayton, about fifteen miles east of the Indiana state line. “What you mean, you people?” I can’t help but smile with a face full of mirth, a smile I’d probably make fun of if it wasn’t my own goofy, love-struck grin. “What the hell is that?!” Colleen shouts from out of nowhere. What? Where?” I ask, nearly driving off the road with sudden terror, peering in the wrong direction like an idiot. That! What is that? she nudges me to look northwest. Her face is lit like a childs. Beyond a lattice of cornstalks, it appears as if the sun is reemerging on the horizon, a huge blood-orange disc aflame and ascending over Darke County. It isn’t until we pull to the side of the road and roll down the windows that we realize it is in fact not the sun but the moon, the brightest moon either of us has ever witnessed. We are stuck in our own stares. A breeze catches the fields beneath the bright moon, making the crops look and sound like ocean waves through our rolled-down windows. Everything feels sort of like a David Lynch filmâ€"realistically surreal, pleasantly distended. The stars blur. The locusts chirrs echo. Colleen’s wide-eyed laughs hang in the air, suspended in a frozen moment. It all seems too good to be true, a rare perfect moment, an us I never expected, seemingly irreplicable. Of course the following months will produce countless wonderful moments like this, revealing what it feels like to be truly free, producing the happiest days of my life thus far. And yet somehow I will manage to fuck it up. Three seasons from now, as spring bleeds into summer, as I focus more on blind achievement, as I focus on my new online life and turn a blind eye to the world around me, as I lose my awareness of what’s real, I will complicate a love that was so simple. Eventually, after our relationship’s light has dimmed, Colleen and I will part ways, and I will learn another important life lesson: when you stop paying attention to everything that’s important, when you lose sight of the happiness that’s right in front of your face, when you search for it through supposed accomplishments and accolades and recognition, it’s not appreciably different from searching for happiness through material things. Happiness doesn’t work that way. When the pursuit is ill-conceived, life loses its magic, loses its purpose, and you lose everything that matters. The truth is, you can skip the pursuit of happiness altogether and just be happy. After my failure, in the wake of the damage done, I will spend months peering into the heartbreak gulf that separates Colleen and me. In time, after much reflection and countless tears, I will be able to look over my shoulder and see where I went wrong.… Every relationshipâ€"friendship, romantic, or otherwiseâ€"is a series of gives and takes. Every relationship has an Us Box. For the relationship to work, both people must contribute toâ€"and get something fromâ€"that Us Box. If you just give but don’t get, you’ll feel used, exploited, taken advantage of; and if you only take but don’t give, you’re a parasite, a freeloader, a bottom-feeder. Throughout most of our year together, Colleen and I both contributed significantly to our Us Box. We gave and gave and gave. Consequently, our love multiplied, and we each got out way more than we put in. It was beautiful, by far the best relationship of my life. We each contributed, and we both grewâ€"we grew together. But a year into our love, I began to feel stagnant, as if I was no longer growing, and I wasn’t sure why. So I unintentionally built walls while I attempted to figure out my stagnation. But in reality, I wasn’t growing as much as I once was because I was no longer contributing as much as I once was. While Colleen continued to give, I gave less and less but still took just as much as I’d been taking, getting without giving. I was selfish and inattentive, not realizing that you can’t grow unless you give. As I took and took and took, the distance between us widened, and soon enough our Us Box was empty, depleted because I wasn’t contributingâ€"I wasn’t focused on the relationship like I had been during all those magnificent days together, back when everything felt so effortless. Turns out that it takes immense effort to make something feel that effortless. And so while the last few years have taught me that we are not the sum of our material possessions, I now know the obverse is also true: we are what we focus on. Unfortunately, by the time I realized this, it was too late. Our strained relationship faltered for months after the fall, vacillating between all the sad and angry emotions of a love song, attempting to find the rhythm we’d lost, only to realize that our syncopated love had fallen out of a step and that neither of us could find the beat again. I’m reminded of an old Iraqi fable I once read in which a merchant in Baghdad sends his servant to the marketplace for provisions. Soon, the servant comes home white and trembling and tells the merchant that in the marketplace he was jostled by a woman, whom he recognized as Death, and she made a threatening gesture. Borrowing the merchants horse, the servant flees at top speed to Samarra, where he believes Death will not find him. The merchant then goes to the marketplace and finds Death and asks why she made the threatening gesture. She replies, “That was not a threatening gesture; it was only a start of surprise. I was astonished to see him in Baghdad, for I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra.” Somehow, I let the inverse happen to Colleen and me: I ran toward the place where I thought Happiness was, when Happiness was actually waiting in the place I was running from. I know this now, but only after the fall. Sometimes the best teacher is our most recent failure. Lessons from the Fall is an excerpt from  Everything That Remains.

In The Modern World And With All The Means Of Technology

In the modern world and with all the means of technology we frequently use in our daily life, we will always informed almost entire news and cases which are occurred in this world. As a person who concerned about humanity will notice that the number of Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD) and sexual harassment cases shows an upward trend. This shows a clear view that we are facing an issues about sexual behaviour and health. However, this problem can be solved at least by reducing the number of cases and avoiding from it become worse in future. Sex education in schools is one of the method that can be used to solve the problem occurred and help to reduce the number of pregnancy among youth girl and STD. On the other hand, most of the parents†¦show more content†¦Schools can help young people take charge of their sexual health by providing confidential health services and education. There are being given importance for young people to get inform about related thing to sexual beh aviour and health. Sex education has dedicated on whether programs care young people to change specific behaviours linked to avoiding pregnancy and HIV/STD such as having a sex at a suitable age, using a condom for protection, less a number of having sex per month, and reduce the number of sex partners. Everyone should welcome and support who was a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender to take note about their sexual health in order to have a community with a good sexual health in future. In short, sex education should be exposed to youth through school which can help reduce a HIV and unintended pregnancy. Sex education also can empowerment against sexual violence. Sex education is often denied to be sexual assault prevention tool. Any education that against any kinds of harmful behaviours, it is important to provide example of healthy alternative. For example, when teaching nutrition, we would only paint half a portrait if we simply told people not to overeating in sweets and fatty foods. It is important to include important of consuming a lot of healthy foods like fruits and vegetables and stated how fun and enjoyable healthy eating can be. Providing an example ofShow MoreRelatedProject Classroom Makeover, By Cathy Davidson1310 Words   |  6 Pagestraditional and into the modern. Such a process can take on the identity of many forms but in the end, they all contribute to the advancement of society. Throughout â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† Cathy Davidson explores the need for such change in America’s educational system as it lags years behind the modern standards. Technology serves as an impetus to change and reform this antiquated system through facilitating new means of learning not previously available. While technology does have its benefitsRead MoreModern Technology: a Friend or a Foe?1572 Words   |  7 PagesModern Technology: A friend or a foe? Paolo A. Pantaleon 2-7 â€Å"Were changing the world with technology† (Gates). In this modern world, many people can’t survive without the aid of modern technology. Do you remember when people used to send messages through the use of the â€Å"pony express†? Or when people used to get up from their couch to change the channel of the television? I can’t imagine how people could live without modern technologies such as cell phones, internet, and many more. TechnologyRead MoreAldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesBrave New World Huxley observes in his work, Brave New World that the modern world revolves around technological development. The aspirations and morals of modern society do not entirely rely on social issues such as love, family, and success but rather on industrial progress and social development. According to Huxley, technological improvement and growth are critical factors that shape the operation and activities in modern society. So far, community members need to observe the world as technologicallyRead MoreThe First Person Has A New Iphone 6 Smart Phone1636 Words   |  7 PagesToday, most have picked the first phone, which leads some to suggest that technology has and is continuing to redefine what it means to be human. The devices and technology we produce change the way we live so that everything is much faster, quicker, and more efficient. In this paper, I will attempt to show how Max Weber theories of rationalization and disenchantment relate to one another and are at work in the modern world. Moreover, I will show how the creations from technological advancements—iRead MoreModern Technology Is Simply An Advancement Of Old Technology,1231 Words   |  5 PagesModern technology is simply an advancement of old technology, the impact of technology in modern life is unmeasurable, we use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in. What we call modern technology is technically not so new in most cases. For example, mobile phone technology has evolved with years, nowadays we use smartphones which have been an advancement of an ordinary mobile phone. Technology is appliedRead MoreEssay about People and Modern Technology756 Words   |  4 PagesEvery single day a new type of technology is being introduced to the world. Technology has improved a lot over years, and it is a great thing these days, because it can be very helpful, especially for people with disabilities. However people are taking advantage of it. Every piece of technology that is being made requires little to no skill. All the machines are so easy to operate that anyone can do it, and that keeps us from being active, developing our brains, it is also very addicting. Why wouldRead MoreEducation, Communication, And Evolution Of Human Intelligence Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWith the improved living conditions, healthcare, communication, and evolution of human intelligence, technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented levels. For example, as a result of technology, patients can remotely interact with medics located in different parts of th e world through telehealth/telemedicine. In the field of education, students do not necessarily need to visit libraries to access books; there are several soft copies of books online that they can access fromRead MoreMedia Landscape in the World940 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Landscape in the World The New Modern Media October 12, 2012 The New Modern Media Watching TV while having morning coffee, listening radio on the way to work, checking Facebook before work, tweeting in the lunch break, and googling information related to work; that is the way the new modern media has changed our lives. To understand the term modern media more, Debashis Aikat(n.d.), Associate Professor and Media Futurist, has come up with a definition, â€Å"Modern media refers to mass communicationRead More Our Attempts to Control the Natural World and the Environmental Crisis1357 Words   |  6 PagesOur Attempts to Control the Natural World and the Environmental Crisis    As reports of ecological degradation increase around the world, human concern about environmental issues is also heightening. Scientists, philosophers and others have all begun the process of determining the causes of the environmental crisis and trying to sort out how to fix these problems. In this essay, I would like to examine two of the most widely expounded philosophies on the cause of environmental degradationRead MoreCritique Of The Heidegger s Hon 105 - Philosophical Inquiry1723 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophical Inquiry Technology as Unconcealment Throughout the entirety of human existence, man has thought within the realm of the universe, and has relatively recently found the usage of technology as a means to an end. Technology as a whole is reliant upon humanity for it’s creation, and we are it’s sole provider of it’s unconcealment. These statements sum up what Martin Heidegger deplores about modern technological thought. In fact, at first it seems that Heidegger despises technology. Once one becomes

The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems

The melody of the German national anthem comes from the old Austrian imperial anthem â€Å"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser† (â€Å"God Save Franz the Emperor†) by Franz Joseph Haydn  (1732-1809), which was first played on February 12, 1797. In 1841 Haydns melody was combined with with lyrics by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben  Ã‚  (1798-1874) to create â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† or â€Å"Das Deutschlandlied.† From the time of Bismarcks Prussia (1871) up to the end of the First World War this anthem was replaced by another. In 1922 the first president of the German Republic (the â€Å"Weimar Republic†), Friedrich Ebert, officially introduced â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† as the national anthem. During the 12 years of the Nazi era, the first stanza was the official anthem. In May 1952 the third stanza was proclaimed the official anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) by President Theodor Heuss. (East Germany had its own anthem.) The second verse, while never  verboten (forbidden), was not very popular because of its â€Å"wine, women, and song† references. The fourth verse was written by Albert Matthà ¤i during the French occupation of the Ruhr region in 1923. It is not part of the anthem today. Since 1952, only the third (â€Å"Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit†) verse has been the official anthem. Das Lied der Deutschen Song of the Germans German Lyrics Literal English Translation Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, ber alles in der Welt, Above everything in the world, Wenn es stets zu Schutz und Trutze When always, for protection, Brderlich zusammenhlt, We stand together as brothers. Von der Maas bis an die Memel, From the Maas to the Memel Von der Etsch bis an den Belt - From the Etsch to the Belt - Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all ber alles in der Welt. Above all in the world. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song, Sollen in der Welt behalten Shall retain in the world, Ihren alten schnen Klang, Their old lovely ring Uns zu edler Tat begeistern To inspire us to noble deeds Unser ganzes Leben lang. Our whole life long. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song. Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom fr das deutsche Vaterland! For the German Fatherland Danach lasst uns alle streben Let us all strive for that Brderlich mit Herz und Hand! In brotherhood with heart and hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom Sind des Glckes Unterpfand; Are the foundation for happiness Blh im Glanze dieses Glckes, Bloom in the glow of happiness Blhe, deutsches Vaterland. Bloom, German Fatherland. Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles,* Germany, Germany above all* Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Nur im Unglck kann die Liebe Only in misfortune can love Zeigen, ob sie stark und echt. Show if its strong and true. Und so soll es weiterklingen And so it should ring out Von Geschlechte zu Geschlecht: From generation to generation: Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Listen to  the  Melody: Lied der Deutschen  or to the the  Deutschlandlied  (orchestral version. Austrian National Anthem: Land der Berge The national anthem (Bundeshymne) of the  Republik Ãâ€"sterreich  (Republic of Austria) was officially adopted on February 25, 1947, following a contest to find a replacement for the former imperial anthem by Haydn that had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and now also had Nazi associations. The composer of the melody is not certain, but its origin goes back to 1791, when it was created for the freemason lodge to which both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Holzer (1753-1818) belonged. Current theory says that either Mozart or Holzer could have composed the melody. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradovic (1887-1951), the winner of the 1947 competition. Preradovic was the mother of the Austrian Minister of Education, Felix Hurdes, who had encouraged her (a distinguished writer and poet) to enter the contest.   The  Swiss National Anthem (Die Schweizer Nationalhymne) The Swiss national anthem has a unique history that reflects the  nature of Switzerland itself. Switzerland (die Schweiz) may be an old country, but its current national anthem has only been official since 1981. Although the Schweizer Landeshymne or Landeshymne was tentatively approved by the Swiss Nationalrat in 1961 and was in general use after 1965, the anthem did not actually become official for another 20 years (April 1, 1981). The anthem itself, originally known as the Schweizerpsalm, is much older. In 1841 the priest and composer Alberik Zwyssig of Urn was asked to compose music for a patriotic poem written by his friend, Zurich music publisher Leonhard Widmer. He used a hymn that he had already composed, and adapted it for Widmers words. The result was the Schweizerpsalm, which soon became popular in parts of Switzerland. But some Swiss cantons, such as French-speaking Neuchatel, had their own anthems. Efforts to select an official Swiss national anthem (to replace an old one that used the British God Save the Queen/King melody) ran up against the countrys five languages and strong regional identities until 1981.

Brian Mulroney Free Essays

Throughout Canadian history there have been many influential political leaders in the past, but none as powerful or significant as Brian Mulroney. Despite the many political criticisms, Brian Mulroney served as the longest conservative prime minister in Canada, he attained a struggle through his pre-political life, which lead him to cleaning up his act and leading the conservative party to the greatest majority in Canadian history, he goes on to serve the legacy of one of the greatest political leaders of all time. Martin Brian Mulroney was born in 1939, the son of an electrician, in the town of Baie Comeau, Quebec. We will write a custom essay sample on Brian Mulroney or any similar topic only for you Order Now He attended a very strict military all boys’ school until the age of 16 when he entered Saint Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia. There he earned an honor degree in political science and he was active in campus politics. Before he graduated he was to become the Prime Minister of St. FX’s famous mock Parliament, a position that had been held for years by Liberal students. It was during these years in Quebec that Brian became known as the life of the party. He frequented most Montreal nightclubs and was quite a lady’s man. He also became a slightly more than social drinker. After becoming a lawyer in 1965 he joined a law firm known as Cate Ogilvy, later becoming a partner in that firm. In May 1973 at the age of 34 he married a beautiful 20 year old Mila Pivnicki, daughter of Yugoslav immigrants, and they had three children. Mulroney worked energetically for the Progressive Conservative Party as a young lawyer. Although Mulroney had not yet held public office, he ran for election as Conservative leader at the party’s 1976 national convention. He waged a vigorous and expensive campaign but lost to Joe Clark after being criticized as the Cadillac Candidate for spending so much money. This was a very bleak time in his life, he took the Leadership loss very personally and it almost ruined him. A few years after taking the job of President of the Iron Ore Company of Canada he decided that he would clean himself up. In 1977 Brian went to an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting for people who didn’t want the world to know they had a problem. In 1982, because of an economic depression, the Iron Ore Company of Canada was forced to close one of its mining and milling towns in Quebec. At first this appeared to be a disastrous political setback however, he turned it into a public relations triumph by making the people of the town in question believe that there were other alternatives when there were none and by negotiating settlements for the workers who had lost their jobs. This earned him respect and won him general support and his reputation was enhanced. In mid-1983 Clark’s leadership was being questioned, Brian Mulroney was again a candidate who campaigned, he actually had been paying people to ruin Clarks chances of getting the nomination again. He was elected party leader on June 11, 1983 and he entered the House of Commons on August 28, 1983. Despite inexperience, he was an effective leader of the opposition against Pierre Elliot Trudeau. Trudeau retired and John Turner took his place. The new Prime Minister had a lack of political skills, having been out of politics for some nine years. Consequently, Turner’s electoral campaign against Mulroney was difficult. This contained three debates between the two party leaders, during which both English and French were spoken. In these debates, Mulroney, who is bilingual, won wide support for the Conservatives. The election result was the greatest triumph for a party in Canadian history. The depressed state of the Canadian economy and Canada’s somewhat tense relations with the United States were problems that Mulroney promised to deal with if his party were returned to power. With unemployment at more than 11 percent, Mulroney also said to make job creation his first aim. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect January 1, 1994. NAFTA was launched 15 years ago to reduce trading costs, increase business investment, and help North America be more competitive in the global marketplace and Brian Mulroney is to thank for this. Mulroney’s legacy is complicated and even emotional. March 31, 2009 it was reported by that a Conservative official claimed Mulroney was no longer a member of the party. They claimed his membership expired in 2006 and was not renewed. Additionally, Mulroney allegedly â€Å"called a senior party official two months ago to ask that his name be pulled off all party lists and materials and that communications with him cease. † However, A Mulroney confidante, speaking on condition of anonymity, called the party’s claims preposterous. ‘He’s part of the history of this party, you can’t rewrite history. If they’re worried about branding, then shut the inquiry down. They’re the ones who called the inquiry. ‘ Mulroney possessed many important significant attributes to being one of the greatest Canadian politicians. As well as some great failures in his career as P. M. Mulroney would be remembered for some good things he had done such as the Nunavut Agreement with the Inuit of the eastern arctic, which set in motion the creation of a third Canadian Territory. He was also an architect of the Francophone summit, which is a yearly meeting of the leaders of the worlds French speaking nations. Though Mulroney had retained a parliamentary majority in the 1988 elections, widespread public opposition to the free-trade agreement and his inability to resolve the Quebec problem caused Mulroney’s popularity to decline sharply, and he resigned in 1993. He was replaced as P. M. and head of the Progressive Conservative Party by Defense Minister Kim Campbell, a girl. In conclusion, Brian Mulroney was one of the greatest prime ministers of all time, he served as the longest conservative prime minister in Canada, he attained a struggle through his pre-political life, which lead him to cleaning up his act and leading the conservative party to the greatest majority in Canadian history, he goes on to serve the legacy of one of the greatest political leaders of all time. Work Cited Blake, Raymond Benjamin. Transforming the nation: Canada and Brian Mulroney. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2007. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/movies/review-i-almost-feel-sorry-for-brian-mulroney/article1985513/ http://www.ogilvyrenault.com/en/people_BrianMulroney.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/396954/Brian-Mulroney http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0834401.html How to cite Brian Mulroney, Papers

Fair Value Accounting Essay Essay Example

Fair Value Accounting Essay Essay AbstractionRecently. just value accounting suffers heated argument because the fiscal crisis. The intent of this article is to measure and understand just value both in literature analysis and pattern. This paper emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages of the just value measuring. Advocates believe that just value can supply timely information that reflects current fiscal market conditions. and information supplied is dependable. On the other manus. critics argue that just value accounting consequences the job of volatility. limited verifiable and dependable information and procyclicality tendency. After measuring the just value method. two companies were selected which are Qantas and BPH Billion to reflect the existent application of just value and other alternate methods in their 2011 fiscal studies. The dominant measuring is still historical cost. but houses still widely use just value in derivative fiscal instruments. employee portion program and so on. This article besides remarks the differences and similarities between two companies. The last portion shows the hereafter development of just value. and the sentiment is non to abandon this measuring. Suggestions are besides provided to work out peculiar jobs. for illustration. houses can disclosure sufficient and relevant information and premises in Level 1. 2 and 3. and regulators should go on to publish just value measuring criterions and do alterations. We will write a custom essay sample on Fair Value Accounting Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fair Value Accounting Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fair Value Accounting Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer IntroductionThere are some heated arguments about just value virtues and demerits and whether it has future development in fiscal study. Fair value is besides called mark-to-market accounting and it is defined as the value of assets and liabilities could be exchanged between knowing and willing parties in weaponries length minutess. The research methods of this article are based on some empirical groundss and analysis of literature. In the first portion. it critically evaluates the just value accounting by turn toing the pros and coins. and pull a decision that just value measuring is non a perfectmethod and will trip many jobs like inaccurate appraisal. but issues still exists when utilizing other methods like historical cost. Second. Qantas and BHP Billion that listed on ASX were selected to analyse how they used just value and other methods in their 2011 fiscal studies. The decision is that their major measuring is still historical cost. but they still applied just value in deriva tive fiscal instruments. employee portion program and hard currency et Al. The differences are how they revalue belongings. works and equipment. and how they recognize gross. The last portion illustrates the bing issues related to fair value and suggests some recommendations for future development. For illustration. the appraisal of just value contains mistakes and undependable information when the market is inactive and leads excessively much direction discretion. It is suggested that regulators have to see how much latitude should give to directors. and besides houses can supply sufficient information to investors no affair in Level 1. 2 or 3. Overall. the chief thought for the last portion is the just value will non be abandoned in the hereafter. Definition of just valueHarmonizing to AASB 13. it defines the just value as the appraisal of monetary value that would be received from the sell of plus or payment of transportation liability in an active market between willing parties at the measuring day of the month ( AASB. 2011 ) . The just value measuring encompasses three hierarchies. in degree 1 if the quoted monetary values for the same assets or liabilities in active markets are available. just value measuring should be used based on Level 1 inputs. If non. it should see Level 2 or Level 3 inputs. Level 2 inputs are discernible. including quoted monetary values for similar assets or liabilities in active markets. quoted monetary values for same or similar assets in inactive markets. and other relevant market informations. In footings of Level 3. the inputs are unobservable for assets and liabilities ; so mark-to-model attack will normally be used to find the just value ( Laux A ; Leuz 2010 ) . Advantages of the just value measuringTimely informationOne of the advantages of the just value is that it can supply up-to-date andmost relevant information than historical cost because it determines the value of assets and liabilities based on current market conditions. Therefore. the just value measuring increases the transparence and encourages prompt disciplinary actions ( Skoda A ; Bilka 2012 ) . Unbiased measuring and dependable informationFair value is a market-based measuring. therefore it can supply indifferent measuring which is non influenced by factors related to the peculiar entities and the measuring is besides consistent from period to period and cross entities ( Penman 2007 ) . Furthermore. the market-based measuring can provide verifiable and impersonal information informations. it besides means the information is dependable because houses will unwrap methodological analysiss and measurings they applied and relevant information ( Skoda A ; Bilka 2012 ) . Disadvantages of just value measuringVolatilityThe just value accounting will ensue the job of volatility. which contributes to inordinate purchase in roar periods and leads to excessive write-offs in flops because the alterations of assets and liabilities follow with the market environment. Furthermore. the being of volatility of a market perchance has more hazards and unfavourable deductions on companies’ investing capacity ( Laux A ; Leuz 2010 ) . Limited verifiability and dependabilitySome oppositions argue that just value measuring can non supply verifiable and dependable information. Harmonizing to Magnan. ML ( 2009 ) . standard-setters should concentrate on supplying verifiable and conservative information. Nevertheless. FVA can non ever supply verifiable or conservative information particularly for nonfinancial assets that companies utilizing appraisal to mensurate values instead than the existent market monetary values in Level 2 and 3 values. Then the state of affairs will ease use for direction and cut down the dependability of information. ProcyclicalityIt is believed by many oppositions that FVA creates plus bubbles andaggravates the effects of crisis and leads to procyclicality tendency. which increases the systematic hazards in fiscal market ( Jaggi et al. 2010 ) . Because the FVA dependants on market state of affairss. when just value increases. it is boon to banks’ balance sheets at the top of the rhythm and lessenings will weaken the banks’ balance sheets at the underside rhythm which besides cause the market to panic and impact the development of future market and even the whole fiscal system ( Veron 2008 ) . Evaluation of just valueAfter the treatment of pros and coins of the just value. it is clear that the virtues of just value are supplying seasonably and dependable information. while the demerits of just value are ensuing high volatility. limited dependable and verifiable information and tendency to procyclicality. Thus it is obvious that FVA remains imperfect and besides it is difficult to make up ones mind whether just value makes good betterments in accounting measuring ( Skoda A ; Bilka 2012 ) . For illustration. it has been discussed that just value measuring causes jobs when estimate the illiquid assets. whereas is it doing state of affairss better if companies utilizing different measurings like historical-cost accounting ( Laux A ; Leuz 2010 ) ? If there is no other measuring can work out the jobs triggered by FVA. it is still utile and should be applied to some extent. Fair value measuring in Qantas 2011 one-year studyQantas is regarded as one of the most prima trade names in Australia and it provides domestic and long distance air hose. The one-year study shows that the company used historical-cost. realizable value. present value and just value measurings. Fair value measuring is widely applied in Qantas study. First. derivative fiscal instruments are measured at just value both ab initio and on an on-going footing ( Qantas. p56 ) . Furthermore. fiscal warrant contracts are besides stated at just value when the warrant is issued ( Qantas. p58 ) . The just value of hard currency. hard currency equivalents and non-interest-bearing fiscal assets and liabilities approximate equal to their carrying sum as consequence of the short period adulthood. As for interest-bearing liabilities. they are valued ab initio at just value minus attributable dealing costs ( Qantas. p61 ) . Secondly. some grosss forillustration rider and cargo gross and salvation gross use just value method to some extent. Passenger and cargo gross is carried at the just value of the consideration received. while the salvation gross is depending on management’s appraisal of the just value of the expected awards for which the points will be redeemed ( Qantas. p57 ) . Furthermore. the assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of transporting sum and just value less costs to sell ( Qantas. p58 ) . Besides. share-based payment is valued at the just value method ( Qantas. p60 ) . Alternate measurings used in QantasQantas non merely applies the mark-to-market measuring but besides uses alternate methods in its study. The company prepared the Consolidated Financial Statements based on historical costs except some assets and liabilities should measured at just value that consistent with the accounting policies ( Qantas. p55 ) . When the house reports the belongings. works and equipment. they are ab initio measured at cost or stated at deemed cost less accrued depreciation and impairment losingss. and so utilize cost theoretical account in reappraisal for the subsequent twelvemonth ( Qantas. p58 ) . The stock lists are carried at the lower of cost and cyberspace realizable value and the footing of leaden norm costs is used on the costs of technology outgo and consumable shops ( Qantas. p58 ) . Furthermore. leased assets and liabilities are reported to the present value of the minimal rental payments ( Qantas. p59 ) . In add-on. non-current receivables and proviso are measured at present value ( Qantas. p58. 60 ) . Fair value measuring in BHP Billion 2011 one-year studyBHP Billion is a world’s largest manufacturer that major running the concern in excavation and crude oil. It is clear that the dominant method used by BHP Billion is historical cost measuring. and it besides uses just value and net nowadays value methods. BHP Billion applied just value in each category of fiscal instruments. All fiscal assets and liabilities except derived functions are ab initio reported at just value of consideration paid or received. and recognized at just value or amortized cost later ( BHP Billion. p211 ) . The just values of derived functions are based on quoted market monetary values ( BHP Billion. p211 ) . Available for sale and trading investings aremeasured at just value ( BHP Billion. p171 ) . Besides. the share-based payments are measured on the just value at grant day of the month ( BHP Billion. p168 ) . Alternate measurings used in BHP BillionHarmonizing to BHP Billion 2011 one-year study. the fiscal statements are drawn up on the footing of historical cost. while derivative fiscal instruments and other peculiar fiscal assets are carried at just value ( BHP Billion. p166 ) . Besides. the rating of belongings. works and equipment are carried on cost less accrued depreciation and damage charges. and the recoverable sum of them are measured at the higher of just value less costs to sell and value in usage ( BHP Billion. p169. 172 ) . Inventories. including work in advancement. are valued at the lower of cost and cyberspace realizable value. Furthermore. leased assets are capitalized at the lower of the just value of the belongings. works and equipment or the estimated present value of the minimal rental payments ( BHP Billion. p169 ) . Additionally. closing and rehabilitation commissariats are measured at the expected value of future hard currency flows. discounted to their present val ue ( BHP Billion. p171 ) . Compare the measurings between Qantas and BHP BillionComparing two companies. the similarities are that historical cost method is their major measuring and they both use just value in derivative fiscal instruments. share-based payments and fiscal assets and liabilities. Because the just value can reflect the up-to-date information of the current market. companies both apply this method in derivative and share-based payments. Besides. for some short period adulthood assets and liabilities. just value can be seen as equal to transporting sum. Furthermore. they both apply same method to mensurate stock lists. As for the differences. Qantas calculated rider and cargo gross and salvation gross in just value method. while BHP Billion acknowledge the gross revenues gross when economic entity has passed control of the goods or other assets to the purchaser. Item of belongings. works and equipment. Qantas used cost theoretical account to appreciate them. whereas BHP Billion recorded the ab in itio cost and so find recoverable sum at the higher of just value less costs to sell and value in usage. Future development of just valueHarmonizing to the treatment of virtues and demerits about the just value measuring. and presentation on how Qantas and BHP Billion applied the just value in their one-year studies. it is still hard to find whether just value method contributes benefits in accounting. Some argues that just value accounting in fiscal coverage may speed up its disjunction from a firm’s concern world. while standard-setters and accounting faculty members believe there is no alternate measuring or describing theoretical account better than FVA ( Magnan 2009 ) . As mentioned by Jaggi et Al. ( 2010 ) . ordinance on just value is important for offering dependable. transparent. and accurate information on plus values to investors. and information is utile during stable market conditions. while it fails to be usefulness when the fiscal market is unstable and volatile. The advantages of just value can back up this statement that it provides timely information. which is mo re utile and reflect current market conditions than historical cost for investors. that is the ground why Qantas and BHP Billion both use this method to mensurate the portions. derived functions and some fiscal instruments. However in an unstable fiscal market. for illustration. when confronting the fiscal crisis. companies’ values written down dramatically utilizing just value measuring. Another terrible job of the just value is that the appraisal of assets and liabilities contain mistakes and the information is non dependable comparison to true market value because it based on unobservable information and will take excessively much discretion for the direction. so it is suggested that the value of assets should non be based on a theoretical account that provides some theoretical value ( Jaggi et al. 2010 ) . Furthermore. regulators have to see how much latitude to give directors when they estimate just value. It is suggested that houses can widen revelation of the implicit in premises when usage just value appraisal no affair in Level 1. 2 or 3. For case. in Level 2 appraisal. companies should supply sufficient information to investors that can assist them to find which assets or liabilities are applied as the footing for comparing. and in Level 3. all relevant theoretical account inputs should be provided to investors ( Landsman 2012 ) . Even the measuring of just value is non accurate ; other alternate method still contains mistakes such as historical cost. Therefore. just valueaccounting should non be abandoned and in order to better it. alteration to the just value accounting should be concerned to work out the specific jobs. It is a challenge for regulators to supply guideline for the rating of fiscal assets that can forestall the companies from fiscal prostration and avoid greater uncertainness in the fiscal markets ( Jaggi et al. 2010 ) . Fortunately. academic accounting research workers like IASB and FASB continue to do attempt in publishing criterions associating to fair value measuring. revelation and acknowledgment that aim to supply ample chance for future research ( Landsman 2012 ) . Additionally. the ordinance compositors will hold a good chance to analyze the efficiency and utility of disclosed information comparing in different adoptive houses. Although the just value is far from perfect now. it is non necessary to abandon this method and all unfavorable judgment can promote farther explore to settle these issues and impulse related establishments to modify the ordinance in order to do betterments in just value measuring ( Skoda A ; Bilka 2012 ) . DecisionFair value measuring suffered many critics after the consequence of the fiscal crisis. It clearly shows the strengths and restrictions of the FVA in this article. The pros are that FVA supplies up-to-date and dependable information ; besides it is an indifferent measuring because it is non affected by factors related to other entities. Even though FVA will do many jobs like high volatility. limited verifiable and dependable and procyclicality tendency. it is still utile to some extent because other alternate methods may non execute better than the FVA. In Qantas and BHP Billion 2011 one-year study. they both reported elements like derived function. some peculiar fiscal instruments. and share-based payments on the footing of just value. The just value can outdo reflect the current market conditions. which is utile to do determinations for investors. There are besides some differences bing in two companies. They recognize belongings. works and equipment in different method. Qantas used cost theoretical accountwhile BPH Billion measured on the footing of reappraisal theoretical account. Besides. Qantas recognized some gross like rider and cargo gross and salvation gross in just value. while BHP Billion was non. As for the hereafter development of the just value. just value accounting should non be abandoned. When confronting the job of just value appraisal. it is suggested that extend revelation of the implicit in premises to users whether in Level 1. 2 or 3. In order to better the measuring. regulators should maintain issue and modifying criterions related to just value measuring and hole progressive in the system. Additionally. ordinance compositors can analyze the efficiency and utility of just value among different adoptive houses. MentionAustralian Accounting Standards Board 2011. Fair Value Measurement. Australian Government. Melbourne. Victoria. viewed 25th April 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aasb. gov. au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB13_09-11. pdf gt ; BHP Billion Limited. BHP Billion one-year study 2011. viewed 27th April 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bhpbilliton. com/home/investors/reports/Documents/2011/BHPBillitonAnnualReport2011_Interactive. pdf gt ; Jaggi. B. Winder. JP A ; Lee. CF 2010. ‘Is There a Future for Fair Value Accounting After the 2008–2009 Financial Crisis? ’ Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies. vol. 13. no. 3. pp. 469–493 Landsman. WR 2012. ‘Is just value accounting information relevant and dependable? Evidence from capital market research’ Accounting and Business Research. vol. 37. no. 1. pp. 19-30 Laux. C A ; Leuz. C 2010. ‘Did Fair-Value Accounting Contribute to the Financial Crisis? ’ The Journal of Economic Perspectives. vol. 24. no. 1. pp. 93-118 Magnan. ML 2009. ‘Fair Value Accounting and the Financial Crisis: Messengeror Contributor? ’ . Accounting Perspectives. vol. 8. no. 3. pp. 189 Penman. SH 2007. ‘Financial coverage quality: is just value a plus or a subtraction? ’ Accounting and Business Research. vol. 37. no. 3. pp. 33-44 Skoda. M A ; Bilka. P 2012. ‘Fair value in fiscal statements-advantages and disadvantages’ . Studia Universitatis Vasile Goldis Arad. Seria Stiinte Economice. vol. 22. no. 22. pp. 1-8 The Qantas Group 2011. Qantas one-year study 2011. viewed 26th April 2013. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. qantas. com. au/infodetail/about/investors/2011AnnualReport. pdf gt ; Veron. N 2008. ‘Fair Value Accounting is the Incorrect Scapegoat for this Crisis’ . Accounting in Europe. vol. 5. no. 2. pp. 63-69